Unit 10: Climate Change, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (JAIIB - MODULE A)

1. Which of the following is considered a core element of sustainable development?

  • A. Maximizing industrial output only
  • B. Reducing government expenditure
  • C. Balancing economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection
  • D. Increasing international trade exclusively
Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations, focusing on economic, social, and environmental balance.

2. Which SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) specifically addresses climate action?

  • A. SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean Energy
  • B. SDG 13 – Climate Action
  • C. SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production
  • D. SDG 15 – Life on Land
SDG 13 focuses on urgent measures to combat climate change and its impacts globally.

3. Which of the following best describes the social dimension of sustainable development?

  • A. Increasing exports and imports
  • B. Enhancing corporate profits
  • C. Promoting industrialization only
  • D. Ensuring equity, social inclusion, and improved quality of life
The social dimension of sustainable development focuses on human well-being, equity, and access to basic services for all.

4. Environmental sustainability in the context of SDGs emphasizes:

  • A. Conservation of natural resources and ecosystems
  • B. Maximizing short-term industrial growth
  • C. Reducing taxation on industries
  • D. Increasing urbanization without regulation
Environmental sustainability aims to protect ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources to maintain ecological balance for future generations.

5. Which of the following is NOT a pillar of sustainable development?

  • A. Economic growth
  • B. Political favoritism
  • C. Social inclusion
  • D. Environmental protection
Political favoritism is not part of sustainable development; the three main pillars are economic, social, and environmental.

6. Which international agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels?

  • A. Kyoto Protocol
  • B. Montreal Protocol
  • C. Paris Agreement
  • D. Rio Declaration
The Paris Agreement (2015) seeks to strengthen global response to climate change by limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C, with efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

7. Which UN initiative focuses on eradicating poverty and promoting sustainable development worldwide?

  • A. UNFCCC
  • B. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  • C. CITES
  • D. WHO Framework
The SDGs, adopted by UN in 2015, consist of 17 goals aimed at ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all.

8. Which of the following global initiatives focuses specifically on protecting endangered species?

  • A. UNDP
  • B. Paris Agreement
  • C. SDG 14
  • D. CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)
CITES regulates international trade in endangered plants and animals to ensure their survival.

9. The term “carbon footprint” refers to:

  • A. Total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an individual or organization
  • B. A measure of global biodiversity
  • C. International trade volume of carbon credits
  • D. Earth’s carbon content in oceans
A carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by activities of an individual, organization, or product.

10. Which global initiative is primarily focused on promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency?

  • A. UNCCD
  • B. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
  • C. UNEP
  • D. World Bank Climate Fund
IRENA is an intergovernmental organization promoting adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy worldwide.

11. Which institution in India monitors and reports the country’s progress on SDGs?

  • A. Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
  • B. Ministry of Finance
  • C. Planning Commission
  • D. NITI Aayog
NITI Aayog is the nodal agency responsible for monitoring, coordinating, and reporting India’s progress on the Sustainable Development Goals.

12. As per recent reports, India has made significant progress in which SDG area?

  • A. Gender equality only
  • B. Renewable energy capacity and electrification
  • C. Reducing CO2 emissions per capita
  • D. Forest area reduction
India has made notable progress in expanding renewable energy capacity and achieving near-universal electrification.

13. India aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by which year?

  • A. 2030
  • B. 2040
  • C. 2070
  • D. 2050
India announced its goal to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070, emphasizing renewable energy expansion and climate action.

14. Which scheme of the Indian government aims to promote solar energy and reduce dependence on fossil fuels?

  • A. National Solar Mission (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission)
  • B. Make in India
  • C. Digital India
  • D. Swachh Bharat Mission
The National Solar Mission is a flagship program under the National Action Plan on Climate Change to increase solar energy capacity in India.

15. India’s initiative “Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT)” focuses on:

  • A. Carbon credit trading in agriculture
  • B. Energy efficiency improvement in industries
  • C. Water conservation in rural areas
  • D. Waste management in urban centers
The PAT scheme under the National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency allows industries to improve energy efficiency and trade excess energy savings as carbon credits.

16. Under the Companies Act 2013, what is the minimum percentage of net profit a company must spend on CSR activities?

  • A. 1%
  • B. 3%
  • C. 2%
  • D. 5%
Companies meeting the criteria under the Companies Act 2013 are required to spend at least 2% of their average net profit of the preceding three years on CSR activities.

17. Which of the following is NOT considered a CSR activity under Indian law?

  • A. Promoting education
  • B. Political contributions
  • C. Rural development projects
  • D. Environmental sustainability initiatives
CSR activities cannot include political contributions or lobbying; they focus on social, educational, environmental, and community welfare initiatives.

18. Which government body provides guidance and monitors CSR compliance in India?

  • A. Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)
  • B. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
  • C. Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
  • D. NITI Aayog
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) provides guidance, frameworks, and monitors compliance of CSR activities in India.

19. CSR activities by companies can contribute to which of the following SDGs?

  • A. Only SDG 4 – Quality Education
  • B. Only SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean Energy
  • C. Only SDG 13 – Climate Action
  • D. Multiple SDGs including education, health, environment, and social welfare
CSR initiatives can be designed to support multiple SDGs such as quality education, health, climate action, poverty alleviation, and gender equality.

20. Which of the following is a key benefit for companies engaging in effective CSR activities?

  • A. Enhanced brand reputation and stakeholder trust
  • B. Immediate increase in short-term profits only
  • C. Exemption from income tax
  • D. Avoidance of regulatory compliance
Effective CSR enhances a company’s reputation, strengthens stakeholder relationships, and contributes to sustainable development while building long-term value.

21. Which of the following is a major challenge in achieving SDGs in India?

  • A. Excess renewable energy production
  • B. Socio-economic inequalities and regional disparities
  • C. Overachievement of education targets
  • D. Low population growth
Socio-economic inequalities, regional disparities, and limited resources are key challenges in implementing SDGs effectively across India.

22. Which Indian mission focuses on climate change mitigation by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable urban development?

  • A. National Biodiversity Mission
  • B. National Health Mission
  • C. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
  • D. Digital India Mission
NAPCC includes multiple missions such as the National Solar Mission and PAT scheme to address climate change and promote sustainable development.

23. What is the role of green finance in India’s sustainable development goals?

  • A. Funding projects with environmental benefits such as renewable energy and energy efficiency
  • B. Financing only traditional infrastructure projects
  • C. Providing subsidies to fossil fuel industries
  • D. Limiting investments in sustainable initiatives
Green finance promotes investments in environmentally friendly projects to support India’s SDGs and climate change mitigation efforts.

24. Which of the following challenges affects India’s climate change mitigation efforts?

  • A. Overproduction of solar energy
  • B. Excessive forest cover
  • C. Surplus skilled workforce in renewable energy
  • D. High dependence on coal and fossil fuels
India’s high dependence on coal and fossil fuels for energy generation poses challenges for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change.

25. Which financial instrument is commonly used in India to support green projects?

  • A. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
  • B. Green Bonds
  • C. Corporate Debentures without sustainability criteria
  • D. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) investments
Green Bonds are used to raise funds specifically for projects with positive environmental benefits, such as renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure.

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